Germany Tops OECD in STEM Education Amid Teacher Shortage Challenges

Germany stands out as the leader in STEM education among OECD countries, according to the 2026 "Education at a Glance" report. It boasts that 34% of its graduates hold degrees in STEM fields, significantly surpassing the OECD average of 23%. Additionally, 41% of Germans aged 25 to 34 have attained higher education or vocational qualifications, marking an 11 percentage point rise since 2016, though still below the OECD average of 47%.

Vocational education remains a strong focus, with Germany investing $27,880 per student—well above the OECD average of $16,104—and 86% of the working-age population having at least a vocational qualification. However, the report also flags growing concerns: 11% of 18- to 24-year-olds are neither employed nor in education, an increase from 9% in 2016.

A prominent challenge highlighted is the widespread teacher shortage impacting learning outcomes. Over half of German schools report this issue, with 55% of 15-year-olds experiencing negative effects due to teacher absences. Roughly 18.6% of teachers also lack full qualifications. Education Minister Karin Prien stresses that education must be a top priority with collaborative federal-state goals, while experts call for more robust support and improved conditions for teachers.

Despite these challenges, OECD researchers note overall progress in Germany's education system, backed by above-average per capita education spending of $16,430. The report emphasizes the need for smoother pathways between education levels to adapt to structural changes in society and the labor market.